{"id":2946,"date":"2021-07-04T09:12:02","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T09:12:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/?p=2946"},"modified":"2021-07-23T05:40:04","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T05:40:04","slug":"deet-insect-repellent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/others\/deet-insect-repellent\/","title":{"rendered":"DEET &#8211; Insect Repellent"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2946\" class=\"elementor elementor-2946\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71af551 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71af551\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8249d1\" data-id=\"e8249d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31082d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31082d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide or diethyltoluamide) is the world&#8217;s most widely used active ingredient in insect repellents available on the market.<\/p><p>Repellents work by blocking receptors so insects and biting bugs can&#8217;t find or smell you.<\/p><p>For many of us whom seem to attract the local insects to munch on us and prone to bites it has been a life saver. Recently reading about potential neurotoxicity and the risk to the nervous system and even worse seizures in children so made me want to find out more.<\/p><p>Insect repellents can contain 50% DEET<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-494d8357 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"494d8357\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49b291c5\" data-id=\"49b291c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e9fb74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22e9fb74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Safety of Using DEET<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08732ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08732ec\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2148b1\" data-id=\"d2148b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c154e43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c154e43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>There has been a number of studies about the safety of using DEET<\/p><p>One research in cardiovascular toxicity concluded<\/p><p>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8453162\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;<strong>Conclusions<\/strong>:\u00a0Adults, as well as children, are at risk for toxicity from insect repellents. The use of highly concentrated DEET-containing insect repellents should be avoided to reduce the risk of toxicity in both children and adults. The consequences of DEET toxicity are variable and unpredictable.&#8221;\u00a0<\/a><\/p><p>The next research concluded that DEET may prevent the natural breakdown of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/acetylcholine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acetylcholine<\/a>, a chemical present in the nervous system that triggers muscle movement and activity.\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1741-7007-7-47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>&#8220;Conclusion<\/strong>: These findings question the safety of deet, particularly in combination with other chemicals, and they highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the development of safer insect repellents for use in public health.&#8221;<\/a><\/p><p>One older research paper connected <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11339626\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DEET to seizures or brain toxicity in children<\/a>.<\/p><p>I could not find any research on mixing DEET with sunscreen or other insecticides where there has been some theoretical concerns about health issues.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-216ad9f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"216ad9f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f307492\" data-id=\"2f307492\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b146296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b146296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Not Just Annoying but spreading disease<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f30d38d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f30d38d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-703825d\" data-id=\"703825d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361f976 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"361f976\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Insects and bugs can be annoying but more important thing to remember the bites are itchy and irritating, but in many parts of the World they can carry serious diseases, like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Malaria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Nile_virus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Nile<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dengue_fever\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dengue Fever<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zika_virus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zika<\/a>.<\/p><p>Insect repellents work by making you look far less attractive to the insect, so they&#8217;re less likely to bite you.<\/p><p>Personally I think if I lived in a place where insects carried these sort of diseases I would not be so worried about the chemical compared to the diseases they carry. Because however unsettling it can be applying a chemical to your skin, it is far better than the alternative -being bitten by bugs which could potentially be carrying a dangerous disease.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12c0932c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12c0932c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-755d34e3\" data-id=\"755d34e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a142bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40a142bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Natural Insect Repellents<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0be6d6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0be6d6c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-590bdf4\" data-id=\"590bdf4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f409694 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f409694\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>If you don&#8217;t live in a part of the World where these insects can spread dangerous diseases and are looking for a more natural way to repel those annoying bugs . There are a number of Natural Insect repellants:<\/p><ul><li>Citronella<\/li><li>Lemon eucalyptus oil<\/li><li>Tea tree oil<\/li><li>Thyme oil<\/li><li>Cinnamon oil<\/li><li>Catnip oil<\/li><li>Neem oil<\/li><li>Lavender Oil<\/li><li>Clove Oil<\/li><li>Cedarwood Oil<\/li><li>Peppermint Oil<\/li><li>Rosemary Oil<\/li><li>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>WARNING: Essential Oils directly on the skin can cause irritation. <br \/>WARNING: As an asthmatic I have found some essential oils can cause wheezing.<\/p><p>WARNING: Remember essential oils must be used carefully and often require some sort of carrier oil. Many mix the oil with witch hazel as it is great at reducing irritation, inflammation and soothes the burning the bite causes. Other carriers which people use apple cider vinegar, olive oil, castor oil,\u00a0 jojoba oil and neem oil which has natural insecticidal compounds.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/phytochemical\/garlic\/\">Garlic<\/a> and Lemon Juice also offer a great way to repel insects.<\/p><p>NOTE: With these essential oils there is no research I can find to show how long they may work for 15mins, 1 hour it is not clear so be aware.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71752bf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71752bf8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2124c3d6\" data-id=\"2124c3d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b0f546d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b0f546d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DEET Research<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59c9eb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59c9eb5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-157b48c\" data-id=\"157b48c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597d5e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"597d5e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>There have been a number of studies and research done on DEET which I have listed below:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31069958\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Is DEET a dangerous neurotoxicant?<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4125160\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neurotoxicity and Mode of Action of N, N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET)<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9279298\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neurological effects associated with use of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19656357\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evidence for inhibition of cholinesterases in insect and mammalian nervous systems by the insect repellent deet<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2009\/08\/090804193230.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Popular Insect Repellent Deet Is Neurotoxic<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29477656\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unusual modes of action of the repellent DEET in insects highlight some human side effects<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12900480\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DEET-based insect repellents: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8453162\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Insect repellent (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) cardiovascular toxicity in an adult<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11339626\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Toxic encephalopathy associated with use of DEET insect repellents: a case analysis of its toxicity in children<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31005398\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bug off! Severe toxicity following inhalational exposure to N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/1536495\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seizure following brief exposure to the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide or diethyltoluamide) is the world&#8217;s most widely used active ingredient in insect repellents available on the market. Repellents work by blocking receptors so insects and biting bugs can&#8217;t find or smell you. For many of us whom seem to attract the local insects to munch on us and prone to bites it has [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[45,1],"tags":[141],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2946"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2946"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3042,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2946\/revisions\/3042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantfullness.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}