Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a chronic and extremely debilitating illness with prolonged fatigue .
Living with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), sometimes known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), can feel like navigating life with an invisible weight. It’s not just being tired—it’s a deep, persistent exhaustion that doesn’t go away with rest and can be compounded by pain, brain fog, and a host of other symptoms that affect day-to-day life. If you’re reading this, you might be looking for something—anything—that could offer even the slightest improvement. You’re not alone.
Many people with CFS find themselves exploring alternative and complementary therapies alongside conventional medical advice. When the cause and treatment of a condition remain uncertain, it’s natural to want to regain some control, to try gentle and natural approaches that might support the body in its healing journey. Whether it’s through herbal remedies, vitamins, or supplements known for their energy-boosting or calming properties, there’s a strong and growing interest in exploring what nature and traditional wisdom have to offer.
This article is not a promise or a prescription—it’s a carefully researched look into some of the alternative treatments that people with CFS have tried and continue to explore. While no cure currently exists, we hope this guide can help you feel more informed and supported as you navigate your own unique path toward improved well-being.
Before beginning any supplementation or alternative treatment, it is always advised to consult a qualified Doctor /healthcare provider. You need to understand how they may combine with current medication.
Chronic fatigue Syndrome Alternative Treatments
Here are a selection of alternative treatments for Chronic fatigue syndrome.
Ginkgo / Ginkgo Biloba
What is Ginkgo Biloba?
Ginkgo biloba, also known as the maidenhair tree, is one of the oldest living tree species on Earth—often referred to as a “living fossil.” It belongs to a unique botanical family (Ginkgoaceae) that dates back over 200 million years. Native to China, ginkgo trees are remarkably resilient, with some specimens known to live for over a thousand years. The distinctive fan-shaped leaves are the part most commonly used in herbal remedies.
Origins and Traditional Use
Ginkgo has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Ancient Chinese texts document its use for improving memory and treating respiratory issues such as asthma and bronchitis. The seeds were more traditionally used in early medicine, but in modern herbal practices, it’s the leaf extract—rich in flavonoids and terpenoids—that is commonly used.
Though primarily rooted in Chinese medicine, ginkgo has also found a place in modern Western herbalism. In some Ayurvedic traditions, while not native to the system, ginkgo is occasionally used by integrative practitioners for cognitive support and circulatory health, borrowing from Chinese and Western herbal knowledge.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Traditionally and in modern contexts, ginkgo biloba extract has been used for a variety of conditions, particularly those involving circulation and brain function. Common uses include:
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Improving memory and cognitive function
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Supporting blood flow and reducing symptoms of poor circulation (such as cold hands and feet)
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Easing anxiety and improving mood
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Treating tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
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Alleviating symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (under clinical evaluation)
Ginkgo Biloba and Chronic Fatigue
In the context of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME), ginkgo biloba has been explored for its potential to enhance blood flow and reduce oxidative stress—both of which may play a role in fatigue. Some preliminary studies and anecdotal reports suggest that it might offer mild improvements in mental clarity or stamina, particularly in cases where “brain fog” is a prominent symptom.
However, scientific evidence specific to CFS is limited. While ginkgo is considered relatively safe when used at recommended doses, it can interact with blood-thinning medications and may not be suitable for everyone. Before beginning supplementation, it is always advised to consult a qualified Doctor /healthcare provider.
Ginkgo Research:
Maca
What is Maca?
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a root vegetable belonging to the brassica (cruciferous) family—cousins to broccoli, cabbage, and kale. It grows in the high Andes of Peru and Bolivia, thriving in extreme conditions at elevations over 3,500 metres (11,000 feet), where few other crops can survive. The part used medicinally is the tuberous root, which resembles a small turnip and comes in a variety of colours, including yellow, red, and black.
Origins and Traditional Use
Maca has a long history of use in traditional Peruvian herbalism and food culture, going back over 2,000 years. Indigenous Andean peoples consumed maca both as a staple food and as a medicinal tonic. It was prized for its ability to enhance stamina, endurance, and fertility. According to oral tradition and historical accounts, Incan warriors are said to have eaten maca before going into battle to increase their strength and vitality.
Unlike herbs rooted in Chinese or Ayurvedic traditions, maca’s use is indigenous to South America. It is still used today by native Andean communities as both food and folk medicine. Its adaptogenic properties—meaning it may help the body adapt to stress—have gained recognition in modern herbal medicine around the world.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Traditionally, maca has been used to:
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Increase energy and stamina
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Enhance fertility and libido in both men and women
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Support hormonal balance, particularly during menopause
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Improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety or depression
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Combat the effects of chronic stress
In recent years, maca has been studied for its potential endocrine-modulating effects, though it does not contain hormones. Research is ongoing into how different coloured maca roots may have varying benefits—for example, black maca is sometimes associated with cognitive benefits. In contrast, red maca has been studied for prostate support.
Maca Root and Chronic Fatigue
In the context of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, maca is interesting due to its potential to increase energy and help regulate stress-related hormonal imbalances. Some early animal studies suggest it may improve endurance and support mitochondrial function—the “powerhouses” of cells, which may be impaired in people with CFS.
Maca Research:
Effects of macamides on endurance capacity and anti-fatigue property in prolonged swimming mice.
Valerian
Valerian made from the roots of the Valeriana officinalis plant and used for muscle, joint pain and sleep.
What is Valerian?
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a flowering perennial plant native to Europe and parts of Asia, though it is now also grown in North America. It grows best in temperate climates and prefers moist, well-drained soil. The part of the plant used medicinally is the root, which has a distinct earthy, musky smell due to its natural essential oils and compounds.
Origins and Traditional Use
Valerian has a long and respected history in Western herbal medicine dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. Physicians such as Hippocrates and Galen described its use for treating insomnia, nervousness, and heart palpitations. In medieval Europe, it was widely regarded as a calming remedy for stress, and during World War I and II, it was even used to help people cope with the anxiety caused by air raids.
Valerian’s reputation as a calming and sedative herb has made it a popular herb in modern integrative and naturopathic practices around the world. In Western herbal traditions, it is one of the most well-known natural sleep aids.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Historically and today, valerian root has been used to:
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Improve sleep quality and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep
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Ease anxiety, stress, and restlessness
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Calm nervous tension and emotional agitation
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Relieve mild muscle spasms or menstrual cramps
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Soothe headaches associated with stress or nervous exhaustion
Valerian contains compounds such as valerenic acid and various antioxidants, which are thought to influence GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors in the brain—a neurotransmitter that helps regulate nerve impulses and promotes relaxation.
Valerian and Chronic Fatigue
People living with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome often struggle with sleep disturbances, including unrefreshing sleep and insomnia, which in turn exacerbate fatigue. Valerian may offer gentle support in improving sleep quality, helping the body enter deeper and more restorative sleep cycles. By enhancing rest, valerian might indirectly help reduce the severity of fatigue symptoms during the day.
Useful for both fibromyalgia (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Vitamin C
What is Vitamin C?
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin and a powerful antioxidant that plays a vital role in many bodily functions. Unlike some animals, humans cannot produce vitamin C internally and must obtain it through food or supplements. It’s naturally found in a wide range of fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits (oranges, lemons), strawberries, kiwifruit, bell peppers, broccoli, and leafy greens.
Chemically, it supports immune function, helps the body absorb iron, assists in collagen production for healthy skin and tissues, and neutralizes free radicals that can damage cells.
Origins and Traditional Use
While vitamin C as a nutrient wasn’t formally identified until the 20th century, its effects were recognised much earlier. Ancient knowledge of its importance can be traced back to sailors in the 18th century who consumed citrus fruits like lemons and limes to prevent and treat scurvy—a disease caused by severe vitamin C deficiency that led to fatigue, swollen gums, and bleeding.
Vitamin C isn’t a traditional herb or plant-based remedy associated with ancient Chinese or Ayurvedic medicine in the way some specific herbs are. However, both systems of medicine made extensive use of fruits and plant-rich diets. For example:
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In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), foods high in vitamin C, such as goji berries and certain citrus fruits, have long been valued for their “cooling” and immune-supportive qualities.
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In Ayurveda, fruits such as amla (Indian gooseberry) are rich in vitamin C and are central to rasayana therapy—rejuvenative medicine aimed at promoting vitality and longevity.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Historically and in modern medicine, vitamin C has been used to:
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Prevent and treat scurvy
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Support immune system function
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Help reduce the duration and severity of colds and infections
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Promote wound healing and collagen production
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Act as an antioxidant to protect against oxidative stress
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Support adrenal function during physical and emotional stress
Vitamin C is also used in integrative medicine for conditions associated with chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, or oxidative stress. In some cases, high-dose intravenous vitamin C therapy is explored, although its efficacy remains a topic of ongoing research.
Vitamin C and Chronic Fatigue
In the context of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, vitamin C has gained attention due to its antioxidant properties and potential to support the immune system—both areas thought to play a role in CFS. Some small studies and anecdotal reports have suggested that high-dose vitamin C, especially when administered intravenously, may reduce fatigue and improve general wellbeing in some individuals.
One theory is that chronic oxidative stress and immune dysfunction, which are believed to be present in many people with CFS, could be mitigated by boosting the body’s antioxidant defences. However, while promising, large-scale studies specific to CFS are still limited, and results can vary.
Oral supplementation of vitamin C is generally safe for most people when taken in moderate doses. Excessive doses may lead to digestive upset in some individuals, including diarrhoea or stomach cramps. As always, individuals with chronic health conditions should consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen—particularly high-dose therapies.
Vitamin C Research:
Magnesium
What is Magnesium?
Magnesium is a naturally occurring mineral and one of the most essential elements for human health. It is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body and is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions. Magnesium plays a crucial role in energy production (ATP synthesis), muscle and nerve function, bone health, heart rhythm regulation, and the maintenance of normal blood pressure.
Magnesium is found naturally in many foods, including leafy green vegetables (like spinach and kale), nuts, seeds, legumes, and whole grains. It is also available as a dietary supplement in various forms such as magnesium citrate, glycinate, oxide, and Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate).
Origins and Traditional Use
Although magnesium itself was not isolated and understood as an element until the 18th century, its effects and uses have been recognised for centuries. Historically, its most well-known form was Epsom salt—named after the town of Epsom in England—where the mineral-rich spring water was used for therapeutic bathing as early as the 1600s.
In Ayurvedic medicine, although not named as magnesium specifically, preparations involving mineral-rich salts and plant-based therapies often served to balance the body’s doshas and support muscle relaxation and digestion. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), mineral tonics and dietary therapies using magnesium-rich foods such as seeds and green vegetables were used to calm the “Shen” (spirit), ease muscular tension, and support the liver and heart systems.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Magnesium has been widely used—both traditionally and in modern medicine—for its calming, muscle-relaxing, and anti-inflammatory effects. Common therapeutic uses include:
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Supporting restful sleep and reducing insomnia
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Alleviating muscle cramps, tension, and spasms
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Reducing anxiety and calming the nervous system
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Supporting heart rhythm and lowering high blood pressure
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Easing constipation (in laxative forms like magnesium citrate)
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Reducing migraine frequency and severity
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Supporting PMS symptom relief
Its importance in neuromuscular transmission and energy metabolism has made magnesium a subject of interest in many fatigue-related and neurological disorders.
Magnesium and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Magnesium deficiency—or suboptimal levels—have been observed in some individuals with CFS. Since magnesium is critical for energy production at the cellular level, insufficient magnesium may contribute to muscle weakness, poor stamina, and increased perception of fatigue.
One small study published in the Lancet (1991) found that red blood cell magnesium levels were lower in a group of CFS patients and that intramuscular magnesium injections led to improvements in energy levels and emotional state for some participants. However, follow-up studies have had mixed results, and larger trials are needed to confirm these findings.
People with CFS may also experience muscle pain, tension headaches, and sleep disturbances—all areas where magnesium is known to offer gentle support. Magnesium glycinate and citrate are among the more bioavailable and better-tolerated forms for supplementation, especially for calming the nervous system or improving sleep quality.
Safety and Considerations
Magnesium is generally safe when taken at recommended doses. Excessive intake from supplements may cause digestive upset, particularly diarrhoea. People with kidney disease should exercise caution, as their bodies may not excrete magnesium efficiently, increasing the risk of toxicity. As always, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting supplementation—especially if combining it with other medications or treatments.
Research:
Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome
Vitamin B12
What is Vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in many key biological processes. It is essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, DNA synthesis, and energy metabolism. Uniquely among vitamins, B12 contains the metal cobalt at its core and must be obtained from dietary sources, particularly animal-based foods such as meat, dairy, eggs, and fish.
Unlike some other nutrients, B12 is not made by plants or animals—it is produced by certain bacteria and archaea. Animals acquire B12 through grazing or eating foods contaminated with these microbes, and humans consume it secondhand through animal products. For this reason, strict vegetarians and vegans are at higher risk of deficiency and often require supplementation.
Origins and Traditional Use
Vitamin B12 was only isolated and identified in the 20th century, after research into the treatment of pernicious anaemia—a once fatal condition. Before its discovery, ancient cultures could not have known B12 as a distinct nutrient, but traditional diets that included organ meats and nutrient-dense animal products would have naturally supplied adequate amounts.
Although B12 is not part of traditional herbal medicine systems like Ayurveda or Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the modern scientific sense, both systems traditionally encouraged the consumption of nutrient-rich animal parts—such as liver, bone marrow, and eggs—for vitality, stamina, and “life force.” These foods, rich in naturally occurring B12, were used to treat fatigue, weakness, and cognitive fog—symptoms we now associate with B12 deficiency.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Since its discovery, vitamin B12 has been used in modern medicine to:
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Treat and prevent pernicious anaemia
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Support nerve health and repair
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Improve energy levels and reduce fatigue
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Support cognitive function and mental clarity
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Help with mood disorders such as depression
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Reduce the risk of birth defects (in combination with folate)
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Treat B12 deficiency in people with malabsorption issues (e.g., due to ageing, gastrointestinal disorders, or certain medications)
Deficiency in B12 can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, memory problems, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, and mood changes.
Vitamin B12 and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
In relation to CFS, vitamin B12 has been explored due to its crucial role in energy metabolism and neurological health. While not all people with CFS are deficient in B12, some may have suboptimal levels or impaired absorption that affect energy production and nerve function.
Several studies and clinical reports suggest that high-dose vitamin B12 injections—especially in the form of methylcobalamin—may reduce fatigue and improve concentration in certain individuals with CFS or fibromyalgia. A 1997 study published in the Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome found that a combination of B12 and folic acid improved fatigue and well-being in patients over a multi-month period. Another small trial reported improved alertness and reduced pain with high-dose B12 injections, though results were mixed across studies.
More research is needed to confirm whether B12 benefits CFS patients who are not clinically deficient, but anecdotal evidence and some small trials are encouraging.
Safety and Considerations
Vitamin B12 is considered very safe, even at high doses, because excess amounts are usually excreted in urine. Deficiency can be caused by factors such as ageing, certain medications (like metformin or proton pump inhibitors), gastrointestinal disorders (like Crohn’s or coeliac disease), or a vegetarian/vegan diet.
If you have CFS and suspect low B12 levels, it’s worth discussing with a healthcare provider. Testing is available via bloodwork, and supplementation may be oral, sublingual, or injectable, depending on your needs and absorption capacity.
Research Vitamin B12:
Response to Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Fibromyalgia
Response to vitamin B12 and folic acid in myalgic encephalomyelitis and fibromyalgia
Omega 3
What are Omega-3 Fatty Acids?
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fats that play a crucial role in many aspects of human health, particularly in brain function, inflammation regulation, and cardiovascular health. Because the human body cannot produce them on its own, omega-3s must be obtained through diet or supplementation.
There are three main types of omega-3s:
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ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) – Found in plant sources such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, and hemp seeds.
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EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) – Found primarily in fatty fish (e.g. salmon, sardines, mackerel), fish oil, algae oil, and krill oil. These forms are most directly used by the body for neurological and anti-inflammatory functions.
Origins and Traditional Use
Although omega-3s were only formally identified and studied in the 20th century, their natural sources have long been revered in traditional diets and healing systems.
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In Ayurvedic medicine, oily fish and seeds like flax (known as Atasi) and sesame were used for their nourishing and anti-inflammatory properties. Ghee (clarified butter), though low in omega-3s, was often paired with plant-based sources in balanced diets to support the nervous system.
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In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the therapeutic value of fish—especially for strengthening the blood and supporting kidney energy—was widely recognised. While not named as omega-3s, fatty fish and seeds were considered foods that could calm the “Shen” (mind/spirit), tonify Qi, and nourish Yin—attributes now supported by our modern understanding of their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
Additionally, traditional diets of Indigenous coastal populations (e.g. Inuit, Scandinavian, Japanese) were naturally high in omega-3s due to frequent consumption of oily fish, shellfish, and seaweed. These populations historically showed lower rates of heart disease and inflammatory disorders.
What Have Omega-3s Been Used to Treat?
Modern research has explored the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in a wide range of conditions. Common therapeutic uses include:
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Supporting heart health and reducing triglyceride levels
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Reducing inflammation in conditions like arthritis
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Enhancing cognitive function and brain health
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Supporting mood balance and reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety
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Promoting eye and retinal health
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Supporting healthy development in pregnancy and early childhood
DHA is a major structural component of the brain and retina, while EPA is especially known for its anti-inflammatory effects.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
In relation to CFS, omega-3s have been studied for their potential role in:
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Reducing systemic inflammation, which is suspected to be part of the CFS disease process
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Supporting brain function, particularly in managing “brain fog,” low mood, and cognitive fatigue
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Improving mitochondrial function, which may help address the energy production deficits seen in CFS
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Supporting immune regulation, potentially easing symptoms related to immune dysregulation
A small study published in Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (2004) reported that CFS patients who took a combination of EPA and DHA showed improvement in fatigue and cognitive symptoms over several months. However, larger and more rigorous studies are still needed to confirm these findings.
Some clinicians working with integrative or functional medicine approaches recommend omega-3 supplementation—especially in the form of high-quality fish oil or algae-based DHA—for CFS patients, particularly if dietary intake is low or if inflammation markers are elevated.
Safety and Considerations
Omega-3 supplements are generally well tolerated. The most common side effects are mild digestive issues or a fishy aftertaste. High doses of omega-3s may increase the risk of bleeding, so individuals taking blood thinners should consult a healthcare provider. For vegetarians and vegans, algae-based omega-3 supplements offer a plant-derived source of both DHA and EPA.
As always, it’s wise to speak to a healthcare professional before adding any new supplement, especially when managing a complex condition like Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
Coenzyme Q10
What is Coenzyme Q10?
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubiquinol (its active antioxidant form), is a naturally occurring compound found in every cell of the human body. It plays a critical role in mitochondrial function—specifically in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. CoQ10 also acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress and damage.
Unlike vitamins, which must be obtained entirely through diet, the body can produce CoQ10, though levels may decline with age, chronic illness, and certain medications (notably statins). It is found in small amounts in foods such as organ meats (liver, heart), fatty fish (sardines, mackerel), spinach, broccoli, and whole grains.
Origins and Traditional Use
CoQ10 was only identified in 1957 and is a product of modern biochemistry rather than ancient herbal or traditional medicine. Therefore, it does not have a history in Ayurvedic medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), or other traditional systems in the same way as plant-based remedies.
That said, traditional healing systems did emphasise the health of organs such as the heart and liver—where CoQ10 is most concentrated. Nutrient-dense foods such as organ meats, oily fish, and tonic herbs (like ginseng or reishi mushroom) may have indirectly supported CoQ10 levels before the compound itself was understood.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
In modern integrative and functional medicine, CoQ10 is widely used and researched for conditions involving energy deficits, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been studied for use in:
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Cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart failure, high blood pressure, and statin-induced muscle weakness)
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Neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease)
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Male and female fertility
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Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue
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Statin side effect management
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Supporting general energy levels and exercise performance
CoQ10 and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Because CoQ10 is central to mitochondrial energy production, it has drawn considerable interest in the management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the suspected underlying mechanisms in CFS, and CoQ10 may help enhance cellular energy output in those affected.
Several studies suggest that CoQ10 supplementation may reduce fatigue, improve physical performance, and enhance quality of life in people with fatigue-related conditions:
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A 2009 pilot study published in Neuro Endocrinology Letters found that a combination of CoQ10 and NADH improved symptoms of fatigue and cognitive function in CFS patients.
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A 2015 double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Nutrition showed that CoQ10 and selenium supplementation improved inflammation markers and fatigue scores in patients with chronic fatigue-like symptoms.
While results are promising, most studies have been small, and more robust clinical trials are still needed to determine optimal dosage, duration, and long-term effects.
Safety and Considerations
CoQ10 is generally considered safe and well tolerated. Side effects are rare but can include mild digestive upset, insomnia (if taken too late in the day), or headaches. It may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners (e.g., warfarin), so it’s important to consult a healthcare professional before starting supplementation, especially if managing multiple health conditions.
Supplement forms include ubiquinone (oxidised) and ubiquinol (reduced), with ubiquinol often being recommended for older adults or those with absorption issues due to its higher bioavailability.
NADH or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADH – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H) is the active form of vitamin B3.
NADH plays a role in generating energy in the body, improving mental clarity, alertness, concentration, and memory.
What is NADH?
NADH stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (reduced form)—a naturally occurring coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a central role in energy production by helping to convert the food we eat into usable cellular energy, known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), within the mitochondria.
NADH is the biologically active, reduced form of NAD⁺. It acts as an electron carrier in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, and is essential for cellular respiration. It is not a herb, plant, or mineral, but rather a bioactive molecule derived from vitamin B3 (niacin) and produced naturally by the body.
Origins and Traditional Use
Because NADH is a modern biochemical discovery, it has no direct history in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, or other ancient healing systems. The molecule itself was discovered in the early 20th century, and its full importance in cellular metabolism was clarified in the decades that followed through advancements in molecular biology and biochemistry.
That said, ancient healing traditions did recognize the signs of energy depletion, exhaustion, and nervous system dysfunction—all symptoms that can result from impaired cellular metabolism, which modern science now links to NAD⁺/NADH imbalances. Traditional energy tonics, nutrient-dense foods, and adaptogenic herbs like ashwagandha, reishi, and ginseng may have supported mitochondrial function indirectly.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
NADH supplements have been explored in recent decades for a variety of health concerns where low cellular energy is a factor. Some modern therapeutic uses include:
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Supporting physical and mental energy
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Enhancing mitochondrial function and stamina
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Improving alertness and reducing brain fog
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Supporting cognitive function in neurodegenerative conditions (like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s)
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Alleviating fatigue in conditions such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME)
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Supporting athletic performance and recovery
NADH is also sometimes included in anti-aging protocols due to its role in energy metabolism and potential connection with cellular longevity via sirtuin pathways.
NADH and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
NADH has become a compound of interest in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome due to its direct role in energy production within the mitochondria, which are often implicated in CFS pathophysiology.
Several small studies and clinical trials have shown promising results:
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A 1999 double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study published in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology found that 31% of patients with CFS experienced significant symptom improvement with NADH supplementation (10 mg/day).
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Another study in Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2004) combined NADH with Coenzyme Q10, demonstrating improved energy levels and reduction in fatigue scores after 8 weeks of use.
Researchers theorise that NADH supplementation may bypass impaired energy pathways and enhance mitochondrial function in patients with metabolic dysfunctions typical of CFS. It may also have a neuroprotective effect, improving mental clarity, alertness, and motivation.
Safety and Considerations
NADH is generally well tolerated in doses used for supplementation (typically 5–20 mg/day). Side effects are rare but may include mild anxiety, nausea, or overstimulation—especially if taken in the evening due to its energising effect.
Because it is naturally occurring in the body, NADH is considered safe for most people, though individuals with chronic illnesses should consult a healthcare provider before beginning supplementation—especially if they are taking other energy-boosting or mood-altering medications.
It’s also worth noting that NADH is sensitive to light and air, so high-quality, properly packaged supplements are important for stability and effectiveness.
Siberian Ginseng
What is Siberian Ginseng?
Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is a woody shrub native to the forests of northeastern Asia, particularly Russia, northern China, Korea, and Japan. Despite its name, it is not a “true” ginseng like Panax ginseng or Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). However, it shares many adaptogenic properties, which is why it is commonly grouped under the ginseng umbrella.
The plant produces spiny stems and small berry-like fruits, but it’s the root and rhizome that are harvested for medicinal use. These roots contain compounds known as eleutherosides, believed to be responsible for its therapeutic effects.
Origins and Traditional Use
Siberian ginseng has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it is known as Ci Wu Jia. It was traditionally used to strengthen Qi (vital energy), support the spleen and kidney, and enhance physical endurance. TCM practitioners often prescribed it to help with fatigue, weakness, and convalescence after illness.
It was also historically used by Russian and Korean folk healers for similar purposes—enhancing stamina, resilience, and mental clarity. In the mid-20th century, Soviet scientists began to study Siberian ginseng as a performance-enhancing tonic for athletes, cosmonauts, and soldiers. It gained popularity in Russia as a state-supported adaptogen, meaning it was believed to help the body resist physical, chemical, and biological stressors without disrupting normal function.
Unlike some herbs, Siberian ginseng is not used in Ayurvedic medicine, though its adaptogenic qualities are now appreciated globally, and it is sometimes used alongside Ayurvedic herbs like ashwagandha and holy basil in integrative protocols.
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
Siberian ginseng has traditionally and more recently been used for:
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Increasing physical and mental stamina
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Improving concentration and reducing brain fog
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Enhancing resistance to stress and fatigue
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Supporting immune function and recovery from illness
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Balancing blood sugar and supporting adrenal function
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Mild depression and mood support in times of burnout
Modern herbalists and researchers often recommend it for people experiencing fatigue, low energy, or long-term stress, especially when combined with lifestyle support such as rest and nutrition.
Siberian Ginseng and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
In the context of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Siberian ginseng has been explored for its adaptogenic potential—helping the body adapt to stress and recover from exhaustion. While direct studies on its effects in CFS are limited, its traditional uses and modern research into fatigue and immune function make it a candidate of interest.
A small number of studies have shown that Eleutherococcus may improve cognitive performance under stress and reduce fatigue in individuals with chronic stress or low energy. For instance:
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A study published in Psychopharmacology (2004) found that Siberian ginseng modestly improved cognitive function and reduced subjective fatigue in middle-aged volunteers during periods of mental exertion.
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Other research has pointed to its ability to modulate the HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), which may be relevant in CFS due to dysregulation in stress response and adrenal function.
While the evidence is still emerging, many integrative practitioners use Siberian ginseng as part of a holistic fatigue management plan—particularly for individuals with adrenal fatigue or long-term exhaustion.
Safety and Considerations
Siberian ginseng is generally considered safe when used at recommended doses for short to medium durations (weeks to a few months). However, it may cause side effects such as insomnia, nervousness, or increased heart rate in sensitive individuals—especially if taken in high doses or close to bedtime.
It may also interact with certain medications, including stimulants, sedatives, and immune-modulating drugs. As with all herbal supplements, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider before starting, particularly if you have a chronic illness or are taking medications.
B1 Thiamine
B1 Thiamine is essentially for glucose metabolism which enables the body to process carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as energy. This important vitamin takes energy from food and turns it into energy for your body to function.
Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin
B1 Thiamine deficiency can lead to two major illnesses beriberi and Wernicke’s Encephalopathy / Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
What is Vitamin B1?
Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in energy metabolism and nervous system function. It is essential for converting carbohydrates into usable energy (ATP) and is involved in the functioning of muscles, nerves, and the brain.
Thiamine is not stored in large amounts in the body, so regular intake through food or supplements is necessary. It’s naturally found in whole grains, legumes, seeds, pork, and fortified cereals. However, it can be depleted by high alcohol intake, chronic illness, stress, or certain medications.
Origins and Traditional Use
Vitamin B1 was discovered in the early 20th century, though the symptoms of its deficiency were known long before. One of the oldest deficiency diseases linked to thiamine is beriberi, characterised by severe fatigue, weakness, nerve damage, and heart problems. Beriberi was historically common in populations consuming primarily white rice, as the milling process removes the thiamine-rich outer layer.
While thiamine itself wasn’t recognised in Traditional Chinese Medicine or Ayurveda, these systems have long encouraged the consumption of whole grains, legumes, and nuts—many of which are naturally rich in B1. In Ayurveda, energy deficiency, muscle weakness, and neurological symptoms were treated with nourishing foods and tonics, many of which may have supported thiamine levels indirectly.
In Japanese Kampo medicine, physicians observed the link between polished rice and neurological disease even before thiamine was discovered, recommending dietary changes to combat “nerve weakness.”
What Has It Been Used to Treat?
In modern medicine, thiamine is used to:
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Prevent and treat thiamine deficiency and beriberi
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Support nerve health and treat neuropathy
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Aid recovery in alcohol-related conditions (e.g. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)
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Support energy metabolism and mitochondrial function
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Treat fatigue, muscle weakness, and certain neurological disorders
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Alleviate symptoms of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue in some patients
Thiamine supplementation—especially in higher or more bioavailable forms such as thiamine HCl, benfotiamine, or TTFD (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide)—has gained popularity in fatigue-related conditions.
Thiamine and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Vitamin B1 has recently gained attention for its potential in supporting people with CFS or fibromyalgia, particularly in cases where mitochondrial energy production or nervous system function may be impaired.
One notable study published in Frontiers in Psychology (2013) described high-dose thiamine therapy in CFS patients. The small observational study reported significant improvements in fatigue, cognitive function, and general wellbeing in many patients using doses between 600 and 1,800 mg/day of thiamine hydrochloride. Though promising, this was an open-label study and further clinical trials are needed to validate the findings.
It’s hypothesised that thiamine may help correct subclinical mitochondrial dysfunction, improve oxidative metabolism, and support brain function—all key areas affected in CFS.
Safety and Considerations
Thiamine is considered very safe, even at high doses. As a water-soluble vitamin, excess amounts are generally excreted through urine. Side effects are rare, though some individuals may experience mild stomach upset or flushing. High-dose therapy should ideally be done under the supervision of a healthcare provider—particularly if you’re taking other supplements or managing multiple chronic conditions.
Forms like benfotiamine and TTFD are sometimes preferred in chronic illness due to better absorption and cellular penetration.
B1 Thiamine Research:
High-dose thiamine improves the symptoms of fibromyalgia
High dose thiamine improves fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Thiamine and fatigue in inflammatory bowel diseases: an open-label pilot study
High-dose thiamine improves fatigue after stroke: a report of three cases
Beyond pain in fibromyalgia: insights into the symptom of fatigue
Thiamine and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a report of three cases
Chronic Fatigue
A Gentle Path Toward Energy and Wellness
Living with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome can be an isolating and often frustrating experience. With no one-size-fits-all solution and limited clarity in conventional medicine, many people understandably turn to alternative or complementary treatments in search of relief—even small improvements can feel life-changing.
From ancient herbal traditions to modern nutritional science, the natural world offers a variety of gentle supports that may help ease fatigue, improve sleep, enhance resilience, and support the body’s energy systems. Remedies like ginkgo biloba, Siberian ginseng, and valerian have been used for centuries, while nutrients like magnesium, CoQ10, and vitamin B12 are backed by growing research into mitochondrial and neurological health. Though not all approaches work for everyone, and few are definitive cures, many individuals find benefit—especially when treatments are personalised and combined with rest, pacing, and good nutrition.
Importantly, these treatments are best explored in partnership with a knowledgeable healthcare provider, particularly when dealing with a complex and poorly understood condition like CFS. What works for one person may not work for another, and underlying issues like nutrient absorption, medication interactions, or adrenal health should be taken into account.
Above all, be kind to yourself. Chronic fatigue is not a reflection of weakness—it is a legitimate and complex condition that deserves care, curiosity, and compassion. Exploring alternative treatments is not about chasing miracles, but about empowering yourself with tools that may offer strength, balance, and a glimmer of relief along the way.
